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Music
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Music is a form of art that involves organized
and audible sounds and silence. It is normally
expressed in terms of pitch, rhythm, and the quality
of sound. Music may also involve complex generative
forms in time through the construction of patterns
and combinations of natural stimuli, principally
sound. Music may be used for artistic or aesthetic,
communicative, entertainment, or ceremonial purposes.
The definition of what constitutes music varies
according to culture and social context. Music
is a personal response to vibration since the
same piece of music will affect people differently.
Although it cannot contain emotions, it is sometimes
designed to manipulate and transform the emotion
of the listener/listeners. Music created for movies
is a good example of its use to manipulate emotions.
Greek philosophers and medieval theorists defined
music as tones ordered horizontally as melodies,
and vertically as harmonies. Music theory, within
this realm, is studied with the pre-supposition
that music is orderly and often pleasant to hear.
However, in the 20th century, composers challenged
the notion that music had to be pleasant by creating
music that explored harsher, darker timbres. The
existence of some modern-day genres such as grindcore
and noise music, which enjoy an extensive underground
following, indicate that even the crudest noises
can be considered music if the listener is so
inclined.
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| Definition: |
The broadest definition of music is organized vibration.
There are observable patterns to what is broadly labeled
music, and while there are understandable cultural variations,
the properties of music are the properties of sound
as perceived and processed by humans and animals (birds
and insects also make music).
Music is a personal response to vibration
since the same piece of music will affect people differently.
Although it cannot contain emotions, it is sometimes
designed to manipulate and transform the emotions of
the listeners. For example, a piece of music created
for a movie is primarily designed to heighten the emotion
or mood of each scene in the film. Greek philosophers
and medieval theorists defined music as tones ordered
horizontally as melodies, and vertically as harmonies.
Music theory, within this realm, is studied with the
pre-supposition that music is orderly and often pleasant
to hear. However, in the 20th century, composers challenged
the notion that music had to be pleasant by creating
music that explored harsher, darker timbres. The existence
of some modern-day genres such as grindcore and noise
music, which enjoy an extensive underground following,
indicate that even the crudest noises can be considered
music if the listener is so inclined. |
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| History: |
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The history of music predates the written word and is
tied to the development of each unique human culture.
Although the earliest records of musical expression
are to be found in the Sama Veda of India and in 4,000
year old cuneiform from Ur, most of our written records
and studies deal with the history of music in Western
civilization. This includes musical periods such as
medieval, renaissance, baroque, classical, romantic,
and 20th century era music. The history of music in
other cultures has also been documented to some degree,
and the knowledge of "world music" (or the
field of "ethnomusicology") has become more
and more sought after in academic circles. This includes
the documented classical traditions of Asian countries
outside the influence of western Europe, as well as
the folk or indigenous music of various other cultures.
(The term world music has been applied to a wide range
of music made outside of Europe and European influence,
although its initial application, in the context of
the World Music Program at Wesleyan University, was
as a term including all possible music genres, including
European traditions. In academic circles, the original
term for the study of world music, "comparative
musicology", was replaced in the middle of the
twentieth century by "ethnomusicology", which
is still considered an unsatisfactory coinage by some.)
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